A Workshop for Care Workers, Nurses and Pharmacists to Identify Problems Related to Cooperation and Propose Solutions to Ensure Appropriate Medication Assistance for NursingHome Residents / 医薬品情報学

Objective: In order to ensure the safety of nursing home residents, it is very important to implement appropriate assistance to ensure compliance with necessary medication. The purpose of this study is to identify issues and to plan solutions for medication assistance.Design: We conducted a workshop involving care workers (CWs), nurses and pharmacists together.Methods: Using the KJ method, participants extracted problems related to medication assistance and planned solutions in a mixed group of CWs, nurses and pharmacists. Questionnaire surveys were conducted for the participants before, immediately after, and 3 months after the workshop.Results: A number of important and urgent issues related to medication assistance were identified. There were differences in the recognition patterns of the importance and urgency of the issues among the three categories of participants. In addition, many possible solutions were proposed. Among these solutions, 25% had been implemented by at least two participants. More than 75 % of participants felt that their awareness of the value of cooperation in medication assistance had been improved by participating in the workshop.Conclusion: These results suggest that a workshop with a group of CWs, nurses and pharmacists in one place is a useful approach for extracting problems and planning effective solutions related to cooperation in medication assistance.

Problems and Solutions on Post-Marketing Surveillance by Marketing Specialists: Outcomes of the Workshop Using KJ Method / 医薬品情報学

Objective:Marketing specialists (MSs) from pharmaceutical wholesalers might shore up post-marketing surveillance (PMS) by pharmaceutical manufacturers. The purposes of this study were as follows: to research problems in PMS found by market specialists, to find solutions for these problems, and motivating MSs to work on PMS. Methods: We conducted a workshop with 12 MSs, who were already working on PMS operations. Participants were divided into three groups. Each group discussed problems with their PMS operations using the KJ method, discussed the potential solutions for the problems, and finally presented them in a plenary debate session. Questionnaire surveys were conducted for the participants before, immediately after, and 6 months after the workshop. Results: This workshop revealed two crucial and urgent problems on PMS faced by MSs: lack of feedbacks to clinical site and lack of publicity of the significance of PMS by MSs. Several solutions were suggested: browsing system of collected information, publication of the stages of improvement in pharmaceutical preparations and packaging, and distributing leaflets about PMS by MSs. In addition, this workshop conferred a positive influence on the participants: in the post-workshop questionnaires, most of the participants answered that they could well understand the problems (92%) and the solutions (75%) on PMS, and that they could improve their attitudes toward PMS operations (83%). . Conclusion: This workshop was quite effective for most of the participants in searching the problems, considering the solutions, and improving their attitudes. Organization of several such workshops might result in better PMS by MSs.

Study on the Status of Proper Medicine Use and Information Provision in the Remote Islands of Nagasaki Prefecture / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objectives: </b>First steps to promote the proper use of medicines in remote islands and rural areas are as follows: (1) recognition of the profession of “pharmacist” from secondary-remote-island residents who do not have a pharmacy or drugstore or the opportunity for pharmacist contact and (2) an understanding by remote-island residents of the advantages of having a “family pharmacist.”<br><b>Methods: </b>Repeated “medicine information and consultation sessions” for secondary-remote-island residents of Japan’s Nagasaki Prefecture were held.  Residents were then surveyed for changes in awareness of or demand for pharmacists and the nature of such changes.<br><b>Results: </b>Before the information sessions, 29.7% of residents did not recognize the profession of pharmacy, but the extent of their recognition increased after information sessions were concluded.  They were asked “Who explains medicines in a way that is easy to understand ?”; more than half responded “doctors” before the information session, but after information sessions were concluded, those who said “pharmacists” increased.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Conducting “medicine information and consultation sessions” for residents of secondary-remote islands and rural areas enabled them to understand the profession of pharmacy.  The initiatives in the present study are first steps toward promoting proper use of medicines by residents of remote islands and rural areas who use “family pharmacies/pharmacists.”

An Opinion Survey on Purchasing Nonprescription Drugs over the Internet in Remote Islands / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>The revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act that came into force in June 2009 prohibits the sale of nonprescription drugs via mail.  However, as a provisional measure, regular users and inhabitants of remote islands who do not have access to pharmacies or drug stores are allowed to purchase nonprescription drugs via mail until the end of May 2013.  This study involves a survey on the purchasing of nonprescription drugs by Internet-illiterate inhabitants of the remote Goto Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.<br><b>Methods: </b>Our process began with the distribution of questionnaires via mail to inhabitants of the remote Goto Islands, of whom 3,819 were randomly selected.  The responses were sent between January 22 and February 26, 2011.  We analyzed problems presented by 522 inhabitants who were Internet-illiterate.<br><b>Results: </b>The results revealed that 57.3% of the respondents living on large islands—with pharmacies, drug stores, and pharmacists— (e.g., Fukueshima) and 85.3% of respondents living on small islands scattered around large islands—with none of the abovementioned amenities— (e.g., Maeshima) were Internet-illiterate.  Additionally, a majority of the respondents (more than 80%) felt no need to purchase nonprescription drugs over the Internet.  However, considering that a handful of these inhabitants do, or will at some time need to purchase nonprescription drugs over the Internet, we strive to establish an optimal system for supplying medications to these Internet-illiterate inhabitants.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Community pharmacists need to establish close relationships with the Internet illiterate (particularly those living on small islands) and promote the overall appropriate use of medicinal products.